Kidney Cancer
Kidney cancer is sometimes found incidentally on imaging. Symptoms such as visible blood in the urine require assessment.
Common signs and symptoms
Having one or more of these symptoms does not mean you have cancer. New, unexplained or persistent changes should be assessed.
- blood in the urine
- persistent pain in the side or back
- a lump or swelling in the flank
- unexplained weight loss, fever or tiredness
Risk factors
A risk factor changes probability; it does not predict who will or will not develop cancer.
- smoking
- excess body weight
- high blood pressure
- certain inherited conditions
- long term kidney disease or dialysis
Screening and early detection
There is no routine screening programme for people at average risk. Some inherited syndromes require specialist surveillance.
How it is investigated and diagnosed
Tests can include urine and blood studies, ultrasound or CT, MRI and sometimes biopsy.
A biopsy or specialist test is usually needed to confirm the diagnosis and exact cancer type. Your healthcare team will explain which tests are appropriate.
Common treatment approaches
Treatment is individual and depends on the cancer subtype, stage, test results, general health and the patient’s priorities.
- partial or complete removal of the affected kidney
- ablation or active surveillance for selected small tumours
- targeted therapy or immunotherapy
- radiotherapy for symptom control in selected cases
Only a qualified treating team can recommend a treatment plan.
Questions to ask your healthcare professional
- What exact cancer type and subtype has been found?
- What stage is it, and which tests established the stage?
- What are my treatment options, expected benefits and possible side effects?
- Should biomarker, genetic or inherited risk testing be considered?
- Who should I contact if my symptoms change or I need urgent help?
When to seek urgent help
Seek urgent care for heavy urinary bleeding, severe flank pain with fever, fainting or inability to pass urine.
If someone is in immediate danger, contact emergency services or go to the nearest emergency department. CFC is not an emergency medical service.
Reliable medical sources
This guide was medically reviewed against current public information from the following authoritative organisations:
This page provides general information only. It cannot diagnose cancer, recommend treatment or replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional who knows your circumstances.