Brain Cancer
Brain tumours may be benign or malignant. Symptoms depend on the tumour's location, size and growth rate and always require individual specialist assessment.
Common signs and symptoms
Having one or more of these symptoms does not mean you have cancer. New, unexplained or persistent changes should be assessed.
- new or worsening headaches, especially with vomiting
- a first seizure
- new weakness, numbness or balance difficulty
- changes in speech, vision, memory, personality or behaviour
Risk factors
A risk factor changes probability; it does not predict who will or will not develop cancer.
- most brain tumours have no identifiable cause
- certain inherited syndromes
- previous ionising radiation to the head
- risk patterns differ by tumour type
Screening and early detection
There is no routine screening test for brain cancer in people without symptoms.
How it is investigated and diagnosed
Neurological examination and MRI are central tests. CT, surgery or biopsy may be needed to establish the exact diagnosis.
A biopsy or specialist test is usually needed to confirm the diagnosis and exact cancer type. Your healthcare team will explain which tests are appropriate.
Common treatment approaches
Treatment is individual and depends on the cancer subtype, stage, test results, general health and the patient’s priorities.
- surgery when safe and appropriate
- radiotherapy
- chemotherapy or targeted treatment for selected tumours
- steroids, seizure treatment and rehabilitation
Only a qualified treating team can recommend a treatment plan.
Questions to ask your healthcare professional
- What exact cancer type and subtype has been found?
- What stage is it, and which tests established the stage?
- What are my treatment options, expected benefits and possible side effects?
- Should biomarker, genetic or inherited risk testing be considered?
- Who should I contact if my symptoms change or I need urgent help?
When to seek urgent help
Call emergency services for a first seizure, sudden weakness, severe confusion, loss of consciousness or a sudden extreme headache.
If someone is in immediate danger, contact emergency services or go to the nearest emergency department. CFC is not an emergency medical service.
Reliable medical sources
This guide was medically reviewed against current public information from the following authoritative organisations:
This page provides general information only. It cannot diagnose cancer, recommend treatment or replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional who knows your circumstances.