Bone Cancer
Primary bone cancer is rare and includes several tumour types. Persistent bone symptoms need assessment because they are more often caused by non cancer conditions but can still require treatment.
Common signs and symptoms
Having one or more of these symptoms does not mean you have cancer. New, unexplained or persistent changes should be assessed.
- persistent or worsening bone pain
- swelling or a lump
- reduced movement near a joint
- a bone fracture after minor injury
- unexplained fatigue or weight loss
Risk factors
A risk factor changes probability; it does not predict who will or will not develop cancer.
- certain inherited cancer syndromes
- previous high dose radiotherapy
- Paget disease of bone in some adults
- risk varies by tumour type and age
Screening and early detection
There is no routine screening test for primary bone cancer.
How it is investigated and diagnosed
Evaluation commonly includes x ray, MRI or CT imaging and a carefully planned biopsy by a specialist team.
A biopsy or specialist test is usually needed to confirm the diagnosis and exact cancer type. Your healthcare team will explain which tests are appropriate.
Common treatment approaches
Treatment is individual and depends on the cancer subtype, stage, test results, general health and the patient’s priorities.
- surgery
- chemotherapy for selected bone cancers
- radiotherapy for selected tumours
- rehabilitation and symptom care
Only a qualified treating team can recommend a treatment plan.
Questions to ask your healthcare professional
- What exact cancer type and subtype has been found?
- What stage is it, and which tests established the stage?
- What are my treatment options, expected benefits and possible side effects?
- Should biomarker, genetic or inherited risk testing be considered?
- Who should I contact if my symptoms change or I need urgent help?
When to seek urgent help
Urgent assessment is needed for sudden severe bone pain, a suspected fracture, new weakness or loss of bladder or bowel control.
If someone is in immediate danger, contact emergency services or go to the nearest emergency department. CFC is not an emergency medical service.
Reliable medical sources
This guide was medically reviewed against current public information from the following authoritative organisations:
This page provides general information only. It cannot diagnose cancer, recommend treatment or replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional who knows your circumstances.