Skin Cancer
Skin cancer includes several diseases with different behaviour. A changing mole or a sore that does not heal should be examined.
Common signs and symptoms
Having one or more of these symptoms does not mean you have cancer. New, unexplained or persistent changes should be assessed.
- a new or changing mole or pigmented spot
- a sore that does not heal
- a scaly, bleeding or crusted patch
- a pearly or firm lump
- a lesion that looks different from the others
Risk factors
A risk factor changes probability; it does not predict who will or will not develop cancer.
- ultraviolet exposure from the sun or tanning devices
- fair skin or tendency to burn
- many or unusual moles
- personal or family history
- weakened immunity
Screening and early detection
Routine self awareness and professional assessment of concerning lesions are important. Population screening policies vary.
How it is investigated and diagnosed
A clinician examines the skin, often with dermoscopy. Diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy or complete removal of the lesion.
A biopsy or specialist test is usually needed to confirm the diagnosis and exact cancer type. Your healthcare team will explain which tests are appropriate.
Common treatment approaches
Treatment is individual and depends on the cancer subtype, stage, test results, general health and the patient’s priorities.
- surgical removal
- topical or local treatments for selected superficial lesions
- radiotherapy in selected cases
- targeted or immune treatment for advanced disease
Only a qualified treating team can recommend a treatment plan.
Questions to ask your healthcare professional
- What exact cancer type and subtype has been found?
- What stage is it, and which tests established the stage?
- What are my treatment options, expected benefits and possible side effects?
- Should biomarker, genetic or inherited risk testing be considered?
- Who should I contact if my symptoms change or I need urgent help?
When to seek urgent help
Seek prompt care for a rapidly changing or bleeding lesion. Emergency care is rarely needed unless bleeding cannot be controlled or severe infection develops.
If someone is in immediate danger, contact emergency services or go to the nearest emergency department. CFC is not an emergency medical service.
Reliable medical sources
This guide was medically reviewed against current public information from the following authoritative organisations:
This page provides general information only. It cannot diagnose cancer, recommend treatment or replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional who knows your circumstances.