Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer can be difficult to recognise because symptoms may be vague but persistent. Frequency and change from normal matter.
Common signs and symptoms
Having one or more of these symptoms does not mean you have cancer. New, unexplained or persistent changes should be assessed.
- persistent bloating or increased abdominal size
- pelvic or abdominal pain
- feeling full quickly or appetite loss
- urinary urgency or frequency
- unexplained weight change or fatigue
Risk factors
A risk factor changes probability; it does not predict who will or will not develop cancer.
- increasing age
- inherited variants such as BRCA1, BRCA2 or Lynch syndrome
- family history of ovarian or related cancers
- endometriosis for selected subtypes
- reproductive and hormonal factors
Screening and early detection
There is no reliable routine screening test for average risk people. Those with a strong family history should seek genetic risk assessment.
How it is investigated and diagnosed
Assessment may include pelvic examination, ultrasound, blood tests such as CA125, CT and tissue diagnosis through surgery or biopsy.
A biopsy or specialist test is usually needed to confirm the diagnosis and exact cancer type. Your healthcare team will explain which tests are appropriate.
Common treatment approaches
Treatment is individual and depends on the cancer subtype, stage, test results, general health and the patient’s priorities.
- surgery
- chemotherapy
- targeted maintenance treatments for selected tumours
- supportive and symptom care
Only a qualified treating team can recommend a treatment plan.
Questions to ask your healthcare professional
- What exact cancer type and subtype has been found?
- What stage is it, and which tests established the stage?
- What are my treatment options, expected benefits and possible side effects?
- Should biomarker, genetic or inherited risk testing be considered?
- Who should I contact if my symptoms change or I need urgent help?
When to seek urgent help
Seek urgent care for severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, breathing difficulty, fainting or signs of bowel obstruction.
If someone is in immediate danger, contact emergency services or go to the nearest emergency department. CFC is not an emergency medical service.
Reliable medical sources
This guide was medically reviewed against current public information from the following authoritative organisations:
This page provides general information only. It cannot diagnose cancer, recommend treatment or replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional who knows your circumstances.