Non Melanoma Skin Cancer
Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas are the most common skin cancers. They are usually highly treatable, but some can grow deeply or spread.
Common signs and symptoms
Having one or more of these symptoms does not mean you have cancer. New, unexplained or persistent changes should be assessed.
- a pearly, shiny or translucent bump
- a scaly or crusted patch
- a sore that repeatedly bleeds or does not heal
- a firm red lump
- a scar like area without previous injury
Risk factors
A risk factor changes probability; it does not predict who will or will not develop cancer.
- cumulative ultraviolet exposure
- fair skin or a history of sunburn
- older age
- weakened immunity
- previous skin cancer or radiation exposure
Screening and early detection
There is no single routine population test. Skin awareness and examination of suspicious lesions are important.
How it is investigated and diagnosed
Diagnosis is confirmed with a shave, punch or excision biopsy after clinical examination.
A biopsy or specialist test is usually needed to confirm the diagnosis and exact cancer type. Your healthcare team will explain which tests are appropriate.
Common treatment approaches
Treatment is individual and depends on the cancer subtype, stage, test results, general health and the patient’s priorities.
- surgical excision or Mohs surgery
- curettage, cautery or cryotherapy for selected lesions
- topical treatment for selected superficial disease
- radiotherapy or systemic therapy in uncommon advanced cases
Only a qualified treating team can recommend a treatment plan.
Questions to ask your healthcare professional
- What exact cancer type and subtype has been found?
- What stage is it, and which tests established the stage?
- What are my treatment options, expected benefits and possible side effects?
- Should biomarker, genetic or inherited risk testing be considered?
- Who should I contact if my symptoms change or I need urgent help?
When to seek urgent help
Seek prompt care for a rapidly growing, painful or bleeding lesion. Emergency help is needed if bleeding cannot be controlled.
If someone is in immediate danger, contact emergency services or go to the nearest emergency department. CFC is not an emergency medical service.
Reliable medical sources
This guide was medically reviewed against current public information from the following authoritative organisations:
This page provides general information only. It cannot diagnose cancer, recommend treatment or replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional who knows your circumstances.