Lymphoma
Lymphoma includes Hodgkin lymphoma and many non Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes. A biopsy is required because subtype determines treatment.
Common signs and symptoms
Having one or more of these symptoms does not mean you have cancer. New, unexplained or persistent changes should be assessed.
- a persistent painless swollen lymph node
- drenching night sweats
- unexplained fever or weight loss
- itching, fatigue or recurrent infection
- breathlessness or abdominal fullness
Risk factors
A risk factor changes probability; it does not predict who will or will not develop cancer.
- a weakened immune system
- selected viral or bacterial infections
- some autoimmune conditions
- risk varies widely by subtype
- many people have no identifiable cause
Screening and early detection
There is no routine screening test for lymphoma.
How it is investigated and diagnosed
Diagnosis usually requires removal or core biopsy of a lymph node or affected tissue, plus blood tests, PET or CT imaging and sometimes bone marrow testing.
A biopsy or specialist test is usually needed to confirm the diagnosis and exact cancer type. Your healthcare team will explain which tests are appropriate.
Common treatment approaches
Treatment is individual and depends on the cancer subtype, stage, test results, general health and the patient’s priorities.
- active monitoring for selected slow lymphomas
- chemotherapy
- antibody, targeted or immune treatment
- radiotherapy
- stem cell or cellular therapy in selected cases
Only a qualified treating team can recommend a treatment plan.
Questions to ask your healthcare professional
- What exact cancer type and subtype has been found?
- What stage is it, and which tests established the stage?
- What are my treatment options, expected benefits and possible side effects?
- Should biomarker, genetic or inherited risk testing be considered?
- Who should I contact if my symptoms change or I need urgent help?
When to seek urgent help
Seek urgent care for difficulty breathing, rapidly growing neck swelling, severe weakness, confusion, uncontrolled bleeding or fever during treatment.
If someone is in immediate danger, contact emergency services or go to the nearest emergency department. CFC is not an emergency medical service.
Reliable medical sources
This guide was medically reviewed against current public information from the following authoritative organisations:
This page provides general information only. It cannot diagnose cancer, recommend treatment or replace advice from a qualified healthcare professional who knows your circumstances.